Sains Malaysiana 52(8)(2023): 2175-2190
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5208-02
Genetic Relationship Analysis of Chrysanthemum
Genotypes Based on Quantitative and Qualitative Characters
(Analisis Hubungan Genetik
Genotip Chrysanthemum Berdasarkan Sifat Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif)
LIAUW LIA SANJAYA1, HANUDIN1, KURNIAWAN
BUDIARTO1,*, MAWADDAH1,
INDIJARTO BUDI RAHARDJO1, FITRI RACHMAWATI1, RIDHO KURNIATI1,
HERNI SHINTIAVIRA1, RITA INDRASTI1, JEFNY B. MARKUS RAWUNG1, DJOKO MULYONO1,M. ACE SUHENDAR2, SAJIMIN3, ABD.
GHAFFAR4, R. BAMBANG HERYANTO5, SASANTI WIDIARSIH6 & ITA DWIMAHYANI6
1Indonesian Center
Research of Horticulture and Estate Crops, National Agency for Research and
Innovation, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor
16915, Indonesia
2Research
Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya
Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16911
3Research Center for
Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya
Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16911
4Research Center for
Behavioral and Circular Economics, National Research and Innovation Agency,
Jl.Jend. Gatot Subroto No.10 Jakarta Selatan 12710, Indonesia
5Research Center for
Geospatial, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km.
46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16911
6National Nuclear
Energy Agency of Indonesia, National
Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya, No. 49 Jakarta 12440
Diserahkan: 12 Januari 2023/Diterima: 11 Julai 2023
Abstracts
Genetic
improvements through biotechnological approaches have been successfully
employed in many economically important crops, including ornamentals. The
gamma-ray particle bombardment has been applied in the chrysanthemum variety
Puspita Nusantara and superior mutants has successfully generated without
degrading its important marketable characteristics. The vegetative and
reproductive performances of 47 superior mutant genotypes from Puspita
Nusantara are evaluated and compared with three references varieties, i.e.,
Puspita Nusantara, Stangkon and Arosuko Pelangi based on the quantitative and
qualitative characteristics. The evaluation was carried out to select superior
mutants with better characteristics. The results show that all chrysanthemum
genotypes exhibited variations in quantitative characteristics, except in node
length, the width of the widest point of inflorescence, the number of flowers
per plant, and floret width. Six qualitative characters, i.e., non-glossy
leaves, medium indentation depth, the existence of keel, inner and outer floret
color, disc color before anther dehiscence, and disc color after anther
dehiscence were similar in all genotypes. Mutant clones G6, G8, C1, KA7, G9,
AG0, N9, and Q5 show preferable quantitative performances than the reference
varieties. Clone W5 has comparative characteristics to Stangkon and can be
further evaluated for alternative reference. The selected mutant genotypes
provide better choices for farmers to plant more competitive varieties.
Keywords:
Chrysanthemum; mutant clones; mutation breeding; qualitative characteristics;
quantitative characteristics
Abstrak
Penambahbaikan
genetik melalui pendekatan bioteknologi telah berjaya diguna pakai dalam
pelbagai tanaman penting daripada segi ekonomi, termasuklah tanaman hiasan.
Pembedilan zarah sinar gamma telah digunakan dalam kekwa Puspita Nusantara
dan mutan superior telah berjaya dijana tanpa merendahkan ciri pemasaran
penting. Prestasi vegetatif dan reproduktif 47 genotip mutan superior daripada
Puspita Nusantara dinilai dan dibandingkan dengan tiga varieti semakan iaitu
Puspita Nusantara, Stangkon dan Arosuko Pelangi berdasarkan ciri kuantitatif
dan kualitatif. Penilaian telah dijalankan bagi memilih mutan superior dengan
ciri yang lebih baik. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa semua genotip kekwa
menunjukkan variasi dalam ciri kuantitatif, kecuali panjang nod, lebar poin
terluas perbungaan, bilangan bunga setiap pokok dan lebar floret. Enam ciri
kualitatif iaitu daun tidak berkilat, kedalaman lekukan pertengahan, kewujudan
tunas, warna floret dalam dan luar, warna cakera sebelum dehisen anter dan
warna cakera selepas dehisen anter adalah serupa bagi kesemua genotip. Klon
mutan G6, G8, C1, KA7, G9, AG0, N9 dan Q5 menunjukkan prestasi kuantitatif yang
lebih baik daripada varieti semakan. Klon W5 mempunyai ciri bandingan dengan
Stangkon dan boleh dinilai selanjutnya untuk semakan alternatif. Genotip mutan
terpilih dapat memberi lebih pilihan kepada petani untuk menanam varieti yang
lebih kompetitif.
Kata
kunci: Ciri kualitatif; ciri kuantitatif; kekwa; klon mutan; pembiakbakaan
mutase
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: kbud1arto@gmail.com
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